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Trump’s USD1 stablecoin deepens concerns over conflicts of interest

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World Liberty Financial (WLFI), the Trump family’s crypto project, is planning to release a stablecoin, raising concern over the US president’s exposure to the digital asset industry.

The project released a memecoin immediately prior to President Donald Trump’s inauguration, the price of which skyrocketed and crashed soon after, causing many to accuse WLFI of a pump-and-dump scheme. 

WLFI has also made multimillion-dollar purchases of crypto tokens immediately prior to important crypto-related events the president has attended or announcements influencing the industry. WLFI purchased $20 million of various tokens ahead of the March 7 White House Crypto Summit. 

As World Liberty Financial’s portfolio grows and regulator oversight disappears from the crypto industry, observers and legal scholars are becoming increasingly concerned over conflicts of interest within the Trump administration. 

Son Eric Trump pumps his father’s memecoin ahead of the inauguration. Source: Eric Trump

Trump’s stablecoin USD1 riddled with liabilities 

WLFI announced on March 25 that it will launch the new stablecoin USD1, “100% backed by short-term US government treasuries, US dollar deposits, and other cash equivalents.”

WLFI co-founder Zach Witkoff said in the announcement that the coin can be used for “seamless, secure cross-border transactions.” 

News of USD1’s forthcoming release came just days after WLFI secured more than $500 million through the sale of its own $WLFI tokens. 

Observers have already begun to raise the alarm about the possible security risks posed by a stablecoin connected to the president. There are also concerns over the possibility of market manipulation and violations of the emoluments clause of the US Constitution — a section of the document that protects against undue influence over American leaders. 

As regards the latter, cyber and digital media attorney Andrew Rossow told Cointelegraph that the stablecoin is “a direct affront to constitutional safeguards meant to prevent conflicts of interest.”

“With Trump and his family controlling 60% of World Liberty’s equity interests, the USD1 stablecoin could facilitate indirect financial gains or undue foreign influence over US policy, particularly if foreign entities invest in or use the stablecoin.”

WLFI makes up a sizeable chuck of Trump’s estimated net worth. Source: Fortune

Corey Frayer, who worked on crypto policy at the SEC under former President Joe Biden, said that the project’s emphasis on cross-border payments was particularly worrisome and that foreign entities may invest as a way to gain favor with Trump.

“There’s a lot of opacity around this marketplace, and prior relationships with illicit finance,” Frayer told The New York Times. 

US policymakers have already noted the possibility for foreign influence following the launch of Trump’s eponymous memecoin in January.

At the time, Democratic Representative Maxine Waters — a top Democrat on the House Financial Services Committee — wrote that “Anyone globally, even individuals who have been sanctioned by the U.S. or banned from our capital markets, can now trade and profit off of $TRUMP through various unregulated platforms.”

Related: Congress repealed the IRS broker rule, but can it regulate DeFi?

In addition to potential foreign influence, observers are concerned that Trump’s crypto ventures could threaten market stability and integrity, and open up global markets to manipulation. 

Referencing USD1, Heath Mayo — the founder of the Trump-alternative conservative movement Principles First — said that a sitting president issuing an instrument backed by public debt should be illegal, adding that the project had “terrible incentives and corrupt use of US taxpayer credit.”

Rossow said that the president’s role in a stablecoin project while at the same time working to craft stablecoin legislation in the form of the GENIUS Act is “a constitutional violation that could destabilize regulatory integrity.”

Trump’s influence over the industry and ability to drop enforcement actions against crypto executives who support him creates “an uneven playing field, disadvantaging competitors and violating principles of equal protection under the law.”

What options do regulators have regarding Trump’s crypto conflicts of interest

Trump, who has long stated an affinity with former President Andrew Jackson, seems to be holding to the latter’s strategy of acknowledging judicial rulings — and then doing what he wants regardless. 

The presidential administration has already shown that it is willing to defy orders from federal judges when, earlier this month, it ignored a verbal order from a federal judge to turn around two planes full of alleged gang members bound for the Terrorism Confinement Center in El Salvador. 

Regarding crypto, Senator Elizabeth Warren has already called for an ethics probe into Trump’s crypto activities. She said that the president’s memecoin “massively enriched Trump personally, enabled a mechanism for the crypto industry to funnel cash to him, and created a volatile financial asset that allows anyone in the world to financially speculate on Trump’s political fortunes.”

Warren, a long-time crypto critic, has taken aim at WLFI. Source: Senate Banking Committee

The probe, if it had a chance to begin with, doesn’t appear to have gone anywhere, and Congressional Republicans are busy working on the GENIUS Act, which even has the support of a handful of Democrats. 

What, if anything, can be done?

Rossow said that, despite changes in SEC leadership, other agencies like the Financial Crime Enforcement Network could still pursue investigations. 

He also noted that state-level action from local regulators and Attorneys General is “not just possible but imperative, especially in states with robust consumer protection laws.

He added that international regulatory bodies could exert pressure, stating that the “global nature” of crypto means that foreign governments could work for better oversight and more robust regulations. 

Related: Who’s running in Trump’s race to make US a ‘Bitcoin superpower?’

In any case, he said that the current situation demands multi-faceted action as there is currently a need to “safeguard the principles of fair governance and maintain the US’s credibility in the global financial system.”

Some in the crypto industry see no problem at all and believe the president’s involvement is just another sign of how the industry is reaching mainstream appeal. 

Chris Barrett, senior director of communications at Chainlink, congratulated the project, stating that “The global financial world runs on the U.S. dollar, and stablecoins are about to make that even harder to change.”

Arnoud Star Busman, CEO of European stablecoin issuer Quantoz Payments, told Cointelegraph that USD1 is reflective of “increasing validation from world-leading brands that stablecoins are carving the path for the mainstream financial industry to access crypto assets and tokenized real-world assets.”

The Blockchain Association — an industry lobby group — declined Cointelegraph’s request for comment. 

Magazine: Arbitrum co-founder skeptical of move to based and native rollups: Steven Goldfeder

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Trump imposes 10% tariff on all countries, reciprocal levies on trading partners

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United States President Donald Trump signed an executive order establishing reciprocal tariffs on trading partners and a 10% baseline tariff on all imports from all countries.

The reciprocal levies on will be approximately half of what trading partners charge for US imports, Trump said. For example, China currently has a tariff of 67% on US imports, so US reciprocal tariffs on Chinese goods will be 34%. Trump also announced a standard 25% tariff on all automobile imports.

Trump told the media that tariffs would return the country to economic prosperity seen in previous centuries:

“From 1789 to 1913, we were a tariff-backed nation. The United States was proportionately the wealthiest it has ever been. So wealthy, in fact, that in the 1880s, they established a commission to decide what they were going to do with the vast sums of money they were collecting.”

“Then, in 1913, for reasons unknown to mankind, they established the income tax so that citizens, rather than foreign countries, would start paying,” Trump said.

Full breakdown of reciprocal tariffs by country. Source: Cointelegraph

Trump presented the tariffs through the lens of economic protectionism and hinted at returning to the economic policies of the 19th century by using them to replace the income tax.

Related: Bitcoin rally to $88.5K obliterates bears as spot volumes soar — Will a tariff war stop the party?

Trump proposes eliminating federal income tax and replacing it with tariff revenue

Trump proposed the idea of abolishing the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and funding the federal government exclusively through trade tariffs while still on the campaign trail in October 2024.

According to accounting automation company Dancing Numbers, Trump’s plan could save each American taxpayer $134,809-$325,561 in taxes throughout their lives.

US President Donald Trump addresses the media about reciprocal trade tariffs at the April 2 press event. Source: Fox 4 Dallas

The higher range of the tax savings estimate will only occur if other wage-based taxes are eliminated at the state and municipal levels.

Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick, who assumed office in February, also voiced support for replacing the IRS with the “External Revenue Service.”

Lutnick said that the US government cannot balance a budget yet consistently demands more from its citizens every year. Tariffs will also protect American workers and strengthen the US economy, he said.

Magazine: Elon Musk’s plan to run government on blockchain faces uphill battle

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EY updates privacy L2 as nixed Tornado Cash sanctions ease fears

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Big Four accounting firm EY, formerly Ernst & Young, has changed its enterprise-focused Ethereum layer-2 blockchain Nightfall to a zero-knowledge rollup design as it says corporate clients are more comfortable with privacy solutions with easing US sanctions.

EY said in an April 2 announcement that Nightfall’s new source code, “Nightfall_4,” simplifies the network’s architecture and offers near-instant transaction finality on Ethereum while making it more accessible to users than its previous optimistic rollup-based version.

EY’s global blockchain leader, Paul Brody, told Cointelegraph that switching to a ZK-rollup model “means instant finality, but it also makes operations simpler since you don’t need a challenger node to secure the network,” which verifies the correctness of transactions.

The move away from optimistic rollups means Nightfall users won’t need to challenge potentially incorrect transactions on Ethereum and wait out the challenging period, leading to faster transaction finality.

No such feature is present with zero-knowledge rollups, meaning that a transaction becomes final as soon as it is added into a Nightfall block, EY said. 

It is the fourth major update to Nightfall since EY launched the business-focused Ethereum layer 2 in 2019.

Nightfall enables the firm’s business partners to transfer tokens privately using Ethereum’s security while being cheaper than the base network. It also uses a technology that binds a verified identity to a public key through digital signatures to try to stem counterparty risk.

Nixed Tornado Cash sanctions “helped people feel comfortable”

Brody said the US Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctions on the crypto mixing service Tornado Cash “had a chilling effect on legitimate business user interest.”

“Even though we long ago took steps to make Nightfall unattractive to bad actors, since it cannot be used anonymously, the removal of OFAC sanctions has really helped people feel comfortable that using a privacy technology will not be risky,” he added.

Nightfall’s code is open source on GitHub but remains a permissioned blockchain for EY’s customer base, competing with the likes of the IBM-backed Hyperledger Fabric, R3 Corda and the Consensus-built Quorum.

Brody said that EY’s blockchain team is working toward “a single environment that supports payments, logic, and composability.”

Currently, the firm requires Nightfall and Starlight, a tool that can change smart contract code to enable zero-knowledge proofs “to enable complex multiparty business agreements under privacy,” he added.

“We’ll spend some time supporting Nightfall_4 deployments initially,” Brody said. “Then we’ll move on to the development of Nightfall_5.”

Magazine: What are native rollups? Full guide to Ethereum’s latest innovation 

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Fidelity introduces retirement accounts with minimal-fee crypto investing

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Fidelity, a financial services company with $5.9 trillion in assets under management, has introduced new retirement accounts that will allow Americans to invest in crypto nearly fee-free.

The three accounts — a tax-deferred traditional IRA and two Roth IRAs (one is a rollover) — permit the buying and selling of Bitcoin (BTC), Ether (ETH), and Litecoin (LTC). While there are no fees to open or maintain the accounts, Fidelity charges a 1% spread on the execution price of crypto buy and sell transactions.

The crypto IRAs are offered by Fidelity Digital Assets, a subsidiary of Fidelity that has traditionally offered institutional investors the opportunity to buy and sell crypto.

The broadening of its client base may be another signal of the changing crypto landscape in the United States, which has seen the adoption of a strategic Bitcoin reserve and multiple companies, including stablecoin issuer Circle, filing for an initial public offering.

Fidelity states that, for security, it holds the majority of its crypto in cold storage, which consists of crypto wallets not connected to the internet.

Related: Bitcoin ETFs for retirement planning: A beginner’s guide

BTC and ETH exposure already offered for retirement accounts

While the direct purchase of cryptocurrencies in an IRA has never been strictly prohibited, few IRA providers have allowed such purchases, according to Investopedia. Therefore, Fidelity’s new IRAs may signal a change in the environment.

Still, for enthusiasts of BTC and ETH, there have been other options since 2024, such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs) of those corresponding coins.

Since the debut of those ETFs, investors in the US have been able to gain exposure to crypto markets from their retirement accounts — depending on the brokerage. There has also been the rise of Bitcoin IRAs, which are self-directed retirement accounts that offer tax advantages.

Some crypto companies offer digital-asset-specific IRAs like BitIRA, where individuals can add altcoins such as LTC to their retirement portfolios.

The move to allow more Americans to invest crypto into retirement accounts may be gaining momentum. On April 1, Alabama Senator Tommy Tuberville announced the reintroduction of a bill to allow Americans to add cryptocurrency to their 401(k)s. The process would involve scaling back regulations issued by the Department of Labor.

Magazine: X Hall of Flame: Bitcoin will ‘start ripping’ as Trump’s polls improve — Felix Hartmann 

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