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Who’s running in Trump’s race to make US a ‘Bitcoin superpower?'

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US President Donald Trump wants to make his country a “Bitcoin superpower,” but the question remains as to who he is competing against. 

Speaking at Blockwork’s Digital Asset Summit on March 20 to a crowd of crypto industry executives and observers, he said, “Together we will make America the undisputed Bitcoin (BTC) superpower and the crypto capital of the world.”

The US crypto industry has benefited greatly from preferential executive orders coming out of Trump’s White House, including the establishment of a “strategic Bitcoin reserve” — a move advocates regard as a key metric for Bitcoin adoption.

However, many other countries, including major US trade partners, are just not ready to take on Bitcoin as a reserve asset, begging the question of who the US is competing against to become a “Bitcoin superpower.”

US allies, trade partners and rivals aren’t competing on Bitcoin

Compared to major trade partners and geopolitical rivals, the US is certainly far ahead of the game in terms of Bitcoin adoption. Neither the European Union, China, Mexico nor Canada have taken such drastic steps toward institutionalizing the asset.

China, the US’ largest trade partner by far and also its most prominent geopolitical opponent, has taken a strong stance against the asset, initially banning it outright before softening its approach slightly. China now allows mining operations but strictly prohibits the use of Bitcoin.

Overall, the government has preferred to concentrate its efforts on developing a retail central bank digital currency in the form of the digital yuan. 

The European Union, another major US trade partner, passed its Markets in Crypto-Assets regulatory framework in May 2023, which came into full implementation by member states at the end of 2024. 

While the EU is ahead of the US in terms of passing concrete legislation, it offers far less preferential terms to the industry than those expected in the US’ parallel legislation currently circulating in Congress.

Crypto user penetration in the EU is expected to remain essentially stagnant this year, and cryptocurrency’s popularity is low overall among its wealthiest economies. No member state has a Bitcoin reserve.

Even in crypto-friendly Switzerland, which saw $52.4 billion in US service exports in 2024, there are limits to crypto endorsement and adoption. On March 1, Swiss National Bank President Martin Schlegel said Bitcoin wasn’t suitable as a reserve asset, citing stability, liquidity concerns and security risks.

Germany’s central bank chief, Joachim Nagel, has also dismissed the idea of a Bitcoin reserve, while Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney has previously criticized Bitcoin as being a poor form of money. 

Related: What Canada’s new Liberal PM Mark Carney means for crypto

South Korea doesn’t feel ready to hold Bitcoin as a reserve asset, with the Bank of Korea stating that BTC is volatile and does not meet International Monetary Fund standards. 

Russia, for its part, has allowed crypto to be used in international settlements to circumvent sanctions. The central bank is also preparing a three-year experiment to allow select investors to trade crypto. Some legal scholars in the country have suggested establishing a crypto fund consisting of assets seized in criminal proceedings, although the Duma has yet to form one.

Critics and proponents lambast “strategic Bitcoin Reserve” 

Critics have questioned the strategic value of the US Bitcoin reserve and who it benefits in the long run. 

Cornell economics professor Eswar Prasad said, “This is neither a strategic nor sensible idea but instead benefits bitcoin holders while sticking US taxpayers with the bill and exposing the government to financial risks. The US government would become a key driver of bitcoin’s price on the way up and down.”

As noted by TLDR News, the point of most strategic reserves is to stock commodities that are deemed critically important to the function of a country’s economy. Governments can also create them to stabilize the price of goods that are in high demand. The US has strategic reserves of oil and grain, while China even has a strategic pork stockpile. 

The Bitcoin strategic reserve does neither of these, as there is no great demand among Americans for Bitcoin, and Bitcoiners certainly don’t want the price to remain stable. 

George Selgin, a senior fellow and director emeritus at the Cato Institute’s Center for Monetary and Financial Alternatives, said the reserve’s stated goal of helping pay off US national debt was unrealistic.

“The plan’s million-coin stash would have to more than double in value during its 20-year holding period just to compensate for the plan’s implicit interest cost. Second, the stockpile must eventually be sold to realize the gains, and you can bet that the same bitcoin holders who have managed to get the government to keep the bitcoin it already has will cry foul if it ever tries to sell any new coins it acquires,” he stated.

Claims of it serving as a digital Fort Knox are “just as dubious,” he said, as the gold contained therein hasn’t propped up the value of the dollar since Richard Nixon was president and took the dollar off of the gold standard. 

Even Bitcoiners have taken a crack at the reserve. Charles Edwards, founder of Bitcoin and digital asset hedge fund Capriole Investments, criticized the “hold only” policy of the reserve, calling it “disappointing” and a “pig in lipstick.”

Source: Charles Edwards

The reserve even proved to be something of a non-starter for Bitcoin price, with price action remaining relatively stable after Trump signed the executive order on March 6. 

As it stands, the US is leading a race that no one else is running. But things could change quickly. Right-wing parties sympathetic to the creation of Bitcoin reserves have been on the rise in European elections. 

Brazil, a major economy in the Western hemisphere, has also been weighing the possibility of a Bitcoin reserve. 

Furthermore, the US Bitcoin reserve allows the Treasury to purchase Bitcoin so long as it can do so in a budget-neutral manner that doesn’t come at a cost to taxpayers. The full effect of the reserve, and its influence on Bitcoin adoption, may yet be felt. 

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Bitcoin holds gains amid rising BTC ETF net flows, Coinbase premium and Trump tariff rollback

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Bitcoin (BTC) price opened the week with strength, rallying to a daily high at $88,804, which was met by praise from analysts who have identified the $90,000 to $92,000 zone as the key price level to hit in the short term. 

The market found strength on March 24 after US President Donald Trump suggested that his April 2 “tariff number” announcement could be softer than expected after cars and microchips were removed from the list. 

According to Ben Yorke, the vice president of ecosystem at WOO, “The White House’s decision to walk back the threat of broad tariffs and to deploy a more targeted approach suggests Trump is wary of an economic backlash.”

Proof of the market’s positive response to the tariff news can be seen in the increase in Bitcoin futures open interest, where the general assumption is that traders used leverage to open new margin-long positions. 

BTC/USDT 1-hour chart. Source: MacroCRG / X 

The return of the Coinbase Premium — a measure of the percentage difference between BTC price at Coinbase Pro and Binance — and a 7th consecutive day of spot BTC ETF inflows are also signs that spot demand is returning to the market and could signal an improvement in sentiment as Bitcoin’s last few weeks of price action had been defined by selling and the use of perpetual futures to drive price action within the current range. 

Bitcoin Coinbase premium index. Source: CryptoQuant 

Data from SoSoValue shows US spot Bitcoin ETF net flows of $84.17 million. 

Total spot Bitcoin ETF net inflow. Source: SoSoValue

Is a rally to $100K back on the cards?

While the return of the Coinbase premium and positive net flows to the spot BTC ETFs is a sign of improving sentiment, the question of whether the current bullish momentum has enough energy to push Bitcoin back above $100,000 remains unanswered. 

Lingling Jiang, a partner at DWF Labs, said, “We’re witnessing the alignment of both structural and narrative factors driving this upward trend of the movement of Bitcoin.”

Jiang told Cointelegraph, 

“At the micro level, we can see a pattern: the resurgence of ETF inflows, the expanding stablecoin market, and breakout patterns across alternative cryptocurrencies collectively signal confidence and perhaps even renewed institutional participation. While market liquidity is strengthening, we notice that volatility remains subdued, and onchain metrics reveal long-term investors accumulating rather than divesting.”

Related: Bitcoin sets sights on ‘spoofy’ $90K resistance in new BTC price boost 

From a technical point of view, Bitcoin continues to trade below the range that had defined its price action from November 2024 until February 2025. While the price trades above the 20-day and 200-day moving average, it remains capped at the descending trendline resistance, which is also aligned with the 50-day moving average ($89,500 – $90,000). 

BTC/USDT 1-day chart. Source: TradingView

According to independent market analyst Scott Melker, Bitcoin’s 4-hour relative strength index indicator has shown a “clear bullish trend, with a series of higher lows and higher highs.” 

In a March 24 X post, Melker said

“All of this preceded by [an] oversold RSI with bullish divergence at the bottom on daily and below. Which I was screaming about.” 

This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.

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Timeline: How Trump tariffs dragged Bitcoin below $80K

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Since US President Donald Trump’s inauguration on Jan. 20, Bitcoin (BTC) has swung from a record high of $109,000 to below $78,000 as major tariff announcements from the US and retaliatory moves from trade partners shaved off chunks of cryptocurrency market value and rattled global markets.

“The back-and-forth on tariffs, with Trump sometimes tough and sometimes accommodating, has left markets in a limbo state, where few people are willing to be decidedly bullish but just as few are willing to part with their assets, fearing to be left on the side-lines at the next rally,” Justin d’Anethan, head of sales at Liquify, told Cointelegraph.

By mid-March, investors began regaining confidence as White House messaging pointed to a more measured approach. But mixed signals remain, and with a second wave of “reciprocal tariffs” looming on April 2 — dubbed Liberation Day — market jitters haven’t fully subsided.

Trump’s trade war saga has rattled global markets but evolved to a softer stance by late March.

Colombian tariff standoff and DeepSeek disruption shakes Bitcoin

Bitcoin hovered above $100,000 until Jan. 26, when Trump threatened 25% tariffs on all Colombian imports after Colombian President Gustavo Petro refused to accept US military aircraft carrying deported migrants. Petro accused Trump of mistreating immigrants and retaliated with tariffs of his own.

Colombia quickly reversed course — agreeing to accept deportees — after facing pressure over its dependence on US trade. Bitcoin reclaimed $100,000 shortly after. But market sentiment was further shaken by the sudden rise of Chinese AI firm DeepSeek, whose budget-built model sparked fears of disruption in the tech sector and contributed to risk-off sentiment across markets.

Bitcoin’s dip below $100,000 in late January coincided with US tariffs standoff with Colombia and the rise of DeepSeek. Source: CoinGecko

Tariff war begins and Bitcoin racks losses

On Feb. 1, Trump signed an executive order to impose 10% tariffs on all Chinese imports and 25% on Canadian and Mexican goods, effective Feb. 4, citing national emergency over immigration and fentanyl. China, Canada and Mexico all threatened retaliation.

Bitcoin tumbled below $93,000, rebounding only after Trump agreed to a 30-day pause on the Canada and Mexico tariffs on Feb. 3. But the Chinese tariffs took effect as scheduled on Feb. 4 — and that was the last time Bitcoin traded above $100,000.

Bitcoin’s falls as Trump signs executive order, its subsequent recovery was a dead cat bounce. Source: CoinGecko

Bitcoin remained volatile through mid-February. On Feb. 10, Trump announced the removal of steel and aluminum tariff exemptions, raising all metal tariffs to 25%, effective March 12. He then unveiled a “reciprocal tariffs” plan to match foreign import taxes.

Bitcoin held steady around $93,000 and briefly rallied to $99,000. But on Feb. 21, the momentum collapsed following the Bybit hack — the largest crypto breach in history — sending Bitcoin back below $90,000.

Related: In pictures: Bybit’s record-breaking $1.4B hack

Bitcoin falls just before reaching $100,000 following Bybit hack, then copper tariff. Source: CoinGecko

On Feb. 25, Trump added to bearish pressure by ordering a review of potential tariffs on imported copper, citing national security. Bitcoin dipped below $80,000 for the first time since November.

March shows signs of relief for Bitcoin

March kicked off with Trump issuing another order reviewing tariffs on lumber and timber. But crypto briefly rallied after the White House unveiled plans for a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and digital asset stockpile — including XRP, SOL, and ADA.

On March 4, Trump followed through with 25% tariffs on Canada and Mexico, and doubled Chinese tariffs to 20%. All three countries vowed to retaliate. The next day, Trump granted a one-month exemption on tariffs for US automakers importing from Canada and Mexico. A day later, the White House extended the tariff pause on many imports that qualify under the USMCA, while still threatening reciprocal tariffs on April 2.

Related: Does XRP, SOL or ADA belong in a US crypto reserve?

Trump credited Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum for “unprecedented” border cooperation. Canada also signaled easing tensions. Bitcoin see-sawed on the $90,000 mark but eventually dipped below on March 7, and it has not reclaimed that level at the time of writing.

Meanwhile, Trump finalized the steel and aluminum hikes. Then on March 13, he threatened 200% tariffs on European wine, champagne and spirits if the EU moved forward with a 50% tax on American whiskey as a retaliation against steel and aluminum tax.

Bitcoin trades at around $84,000 on March 1 and March 16 despite large swings in between. Source: CoinGecko

Tone softens and Bitcoin starts rebound but ‘Liberation Day’ looms

By mid-March, the administration’s tone began to soften. On March 18, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said tariffs would be tailored to each country’s trade practices and could be avoided entirely if partners lowered their own barriers.

Financial markets, rattled for weeks, began to recover. On March 24, Bitcoin rose to $88,474 on reports that Trump’s next round of tariffs would be more targeted than initially feared.

Softer White House tone sparks Bitcoin recovery. Source: CoinGecko

“In the week leading up to Trump’s reciprocal tariffs on April 2, expect market volatility, corporate lobbying for exemptions, preemptive price hikes, and global diplomatic efforts to mitigate the impact,” Ryan Lee, chief analyst at Bitget Research said in a written analysis shared with Cointelegraph.

“After the tariffs take effect, anticipate inflation spikes, supply chain disruptions, and mixed job outcomes, with potential stock market shocks and retaliatory trade measures from partners like China and Canada possibly slowing US economic growth.”

Meanwhile, Liquify’s d’Anethan said investors should continue monitoring traditional market developments, especially with Bitcoin’s rising correlation with traditional indexes.

“With BTC’s correlation to the S&P 500 and other traditional assets, it wouldn’t be silly to discount tariffs and geopolitical maneuvering,” he said.

With April 2 approaching, crypto markets remain fragile — and investors are bracing for what “Liberation Day” might bring. Trump recently hinted while speaking to reporters that tariffs on automobiles, aluminum and pharmaceuticals are under consideration.

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Bitcoin sets sights on 'spoofy' $90K resistance in new BTC price boost

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Bitcoin (BTC) passed $88,000 after the March 25 Wall Street open as risk assets stayed highly sensitive to US trade tariffs.

BTC/USD 1-hour chart. Source: Cointelegraph/TradingView

BTC price gains anticipate classic April comeback

Data from Cointelegraph Markets Pro and TradingView showed BTC/USD tightly clinging to the daily open.

US stocks opened modestly higher, building on a comeback that provided traders some long-awaited cause for optimism.

A key ingredient in stemming the risk-asset rout were cues from the US government and President Donald Trump over their planned round of trade tariffs set to begin on April 2. 

“Risk assets staged one of their strongest sessions of the year, helped by a temporary easing of fears around the April 2nd tariff deadline,” trading firm QCP Capital summarized in its latest bulletin to Telegram channel subscribers. 

“Trump signalled twice on Monday that trading partners might secure exemptions or reductions, offering a reprieve that helped soothe market jitters.”

BTC/USD vs. S&P 500 1-day chart. Source: Cointelegraph/TradingView

QCP noted that others were coming to believe that the worst of the equities setback had come and gone, including JPMorgan.

“Q2, and April in particular, has historically been one of the best periods for risk assets, second only to the festive December rally,” it added. 

“The S&P 500 has delivered an average annualised return of 19.6% in Q2, while Bitcoin has also recorded its second-best median performance during this stretch – again, trailing only Q4.”

BTC/USD monthly returns (screenshot). Source: CoinGlass

As Cointelegraph reported, expectations for April among Bitcoin market participants are also high, given historical tendencies for strong price performance.

Statistics from monitoring resource CoinGlass put average returns for BTC/USD for both March and April at just under 13% over the past eleven years.

Bitcoin stares down major seller liquidity

Analyzing short-timeframe BTC price action, traders increasingly focused on the $90,000 mark on the day.

Related: Bitcoin flips ‘macro bullish’ amid first Hash Ribbon buy signal in 8 months

“$BTC Is still trading at a solid spot premium during this bounce,” popular trader Daan Crypto Trades acknowledged in one of his latest X posts

“If it can maintain that while slowly making its way back into the previous range ($90K+), I’d be confident we’re due for a move back to new highs. For now it still remains a big resistance and price has been correlated to equities.”

BTC/USD 1-day chart with perps basis. Source: Daan Crypto Trades/X

Meanwhile, CoinGlass showed ongoing sell-side liquidity just below $90,000 — previously attributed to market manipulation by a high-volume trader dubbed “Spoofy the Whale.”

Keith Alan, co-founder of trading resource Material Indicators, who coined the phrase, said that this entity alone would keep price trapped at around $87,500 going forward.

BTC liquidation heatmap (screenshot). Source: CoinGlass

This week, Alan said that another important level to flip to support is the yearly open at just above $93,000. Failure to do so, he warned, could still trigger a return to multimonth lows.

This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.

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