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Celo becomes Ethereum L2 with Optimism rollup implementation

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Celo, the blockchain network launched in 2020, has officially transitioned from a layer-1 chain to an Ethereum layer-2 protocol.

Celo announced the successful transition in a March 26 X post, stating that “Celo is officially an Ethereum layer 2” protocol. In the thread, the organization claimed the new protocol features one-second blocks, sub-cent transaction costs, and Tether’s USDt (USDT) and USDC (USDC) as gas.

Celo first proposed this transition in the summer of 2023, and it is now completed after block production on the old layer-1 platform halted and continued on the new network. The new platform is based on the OP technology stack and an optimistic rollups implementation.

Source: Celo

Related: Vitalik Buterin endorses Celo for beating Tron in stablecoin addresses

Optimism-based architecture

Blockchain rollups are layer-2 scaling solutions designed to bundle multiple transactions off the main blockchain, reducing congestion and lowering transaction fees. Optimistic rollups owe their name to their assumption that offchain transactions are valid by default, only resorting to fraud proofs during a challenge period if discrepancies are detected on the main chain.

Marek Olszewski, CEO of Celo developer cLabs, told Cointelegraph that “migrating to an Ethereum L2 enhances Celo’s security and scalability.” He added:

“Celo transactions are now anchored to Ethereum, inheriting its battle-tested economic security and decentralization. Celo L2 also offers one-second block times and near-instant confirmations.“

Related: A beginner’s guide to understanding the layers of blockchain technology

Leveraging Ethereum’s network effects

Irfan Shaik, founder of rollup protocol Interstate, also recognized the change as positive for the protocol. He highlighted that Ethereum “has the greatest network effects of any chain,” adding:

“Layer 1s with liquidity fragmentation can instead tap into the largest pool of liquidity available, the ETH layer 1s.“

Olszewski also shared his enthusiasm over the transition to the OP tech stack, saying it allows for “deeper composability with Ethereum-native apps and protocols.” The new system is also significantly simplified, with 365,000 fewer lines of code — decreasing attack surface and, according to him, leading to a lighter, cleaner and faster codebase.

He also highlighted that the upgrade preserved Celo’s near five-year chain history and was carried out in a trustless manner. The token was also moved to the Ethereum blockchain, which Olszewski pointed out should sensibly increase its liquidity. He explained:

“What this means is that Celo becomes a fully-aligned Ethereum layer 2 — by architecture, by ecosystem and by mission.“

Magazine: What are native rollups? Full guide to Ethereum’s latest innovation

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Coin Market

Pump.fun launches lending platform to finance memecoin buys

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Pump.fun is launching a lending platform to enable users to buy memecoins and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) with borrowed cryptocurrency, the Solana-based memecoin launchpad said. 

Dubbed Pump.Fi, the onchain lending protocol provides “immediate… financing for [any] digital asset,” Pump.fun said in an April 1 X post.

According to Pump.fun, borrowers pay one-third up front and the rest over 60 days. In addition, Pump.Fi will create a marketplace for lenders to buy debt. The protocol did not specify how Pump.Fi — which doesn’t do credit checks — plans to ensure repayment of undercollateralized onchain loans. 

Pump.Fi will let users borrow to buy memecoins. Source: Pump.fun

Related: Pump.fun launches own DEX, drops Raydium

Competitive market

Pump.fun has been grappling with a sharp drawdown in memecoin trading activity on Solana after several high-profile scandals — such as the LIBRA token’s disastrous launch — soured sentiment on memecoins among retail traders. 

Adding onchain lending has the potential to draw more liquidity into the space, which has seen trading volumes stabilize in recent weeks, according to data from Dune Analytics.

Pump.fun has also been expanding its offerings to stay ahead of mounting competition from rival platforms.

Raydium, Solana’s largest decentralized exchange (DEX) by volume, plans to roll out its own memecoin launchpad, LaunchLab. 

Other rival protocols — including Daos.fun, GoFundMeme, and Pumpkin — are also vying for a share of Solana’s memecoin market. 

Number of tokens successfully “bonding” on Pump.fun each day. Source: Dune Analytics

On March 20, Pump.fun launched its own DEX — known as PumpSwap — to replace Raydium as the final home for tokens that successfully bootstrap liquidity on Pump.fun.

Switching to PumpSwap has streamlined PumpFun’s process for listing new tokens and cut costs for users, it said.

PumpSwap also plans to start distributing a portion of trading fees to coin creators, according to Pump.fun co-founder Alon.

The newly launched DEX has already captured a more than 10% share of Solana’s trading volumes and even overtaken Raydium — along with every other Solana app — in 24-hour fees, according to data from Dune Analytics and DefiLlama. On April 1, PumpSwap generated nearly $4 million in fees.

Magazine: Help! My parents are addicted to Pi Network crypto tapper

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Bitcoin miner Bitfarms secures up to $300M loan from Macquarie

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Bitfarms, a global computer infrastructure company known for its Bitcoin mining operations, has entered into a $300 million loan agreement with Macquarie Group to finance the development of its high-performance computing (HPC) data centers.

According to an April 2 announcement, Macquarie’s private debt facility will provide $50 million in initial funding for Bitfarms’ Panther Creek data center project in Pennsylvania. 

The remaining $250 million will be released once Bitfarms achieves “specific development milestones at its Panther Creek location,” the announcement said.

Once developed, Panther Creek will have a nearly 500-megawatt capacity fueled by several power sources. 

Panther Creek “will be sought after by HPC tenants once construction of the project is underway,” said Joshua Stevens, an associate director at Macquarie Group. 

Source: Bitfarms

The project is being delivered at a time when AI applications are fueling growing demand for new sources of computational power and data storage capacity. Bitcoin miners are rushing to fill the void — and to secure reliable revenue streams for themselves in a post-halving environment. 

However, Bitfarms disclosed in its recent quarterly report that it continues to face “regulatory challenges in expanding its energy capacity,” with the approval timeline ranging from 12 to 36 months. 

In the meantime, Bitfarms expects its $125 million acquisition of Stronghold Digital Mining to do much of the heavy lifting in providing additional capacity, CEO Ben Gagnon told investors.

Related: Bitfarms sells Paraguay site to Hive for $85M, refocuses on US

Amid industry pressure, miners are HODLing 

Bitfarms mined 654 Bitcoin (BTC) in the final quarter of 2024 at an average all-in cash cost of $60,800. 

Like other miners, Bitfarms has elected to retain a significant portion of its mined Bitcoin. Industry data shows it currently holds 1,152 BTC on its books, placing it among the top 25 publicly traded Bitcoin investors.

Miners like Hive Digital have doubled down on their long-term Bitcoin “hodl” strategy as a way to bolster their balance sheet. The company’s Bitcoin holdings have swelled to 2,620 BTC. 

Meanwhile, MARA Holdings has accumulated 46,374 BTC and has announced plans for a $2 billion stock offering to acquire more Bitcoin. 

Source: Frank Holmes

Like Bitfarms, Hive Digital, Core Scientific, Hut8 and Bit Digital have also made a strategic pivot toward AI and HPC.

Hive executives told Cointelegraph that the company has repurposed a portion of its Nvidia GPUs for such tasks. They said AI applications can generate more than $2.00 per hour in revenue, compared to just $0.12 per hour for crypto mining activities. 

Related: BTC miners adopted ‘treasury strategy,’ diversified business in 2024: Report

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Coin Market

Most opportune time to buy Bitcoin? Now — Bitwise CIO Matt Hougan explains why

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If you’ve ever wondered when is the right time to invest in Bitcoin (BTC), you won’t want to miss our latest interview with Matt Hougan. As the chief investment officer at Bitwise, Hougan provides an in-depth analysis, explaining why, from a risk-adjusted perspective, there has never been a more opportune time to buy Bitcoin.

In our discussion, Hougan lays out a compelling argument: Bitcoin’s early days were filled with uncertainty — technology risks, regulatory threats, trading inefficiencies, and reputational concerns. Fast forward to today, and those risks have significantly diminished. The launch of Bitcoin ETFs, adoption by major institutional investors, and even the US government’s strategic Bitcoin reserve have all cemented its place in the global financial ecosystem.

“Bitcoin is only 10% of gold. So just to match gold, which I think is just a stopping point on its long-term journey, it has to ten-x from here,” he said.

But that’s just the beginning. Hougan also touches on Bitcoin’s long-term price potential, why institutional adoption is about to accelerate, and how market fundamentals could push Bitcoin to new heights.

“There’s just too much structural long-term demand that has to come into this market against a severely limited new supply, he said.

Watch the full interview now on our YouTube channel, and don’t forget to subscribe!

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